PROSITE documentation PDOC00123

Zinc carboxypeptidases, zinc-binding regions signatures

There are a number of different types of zinc-dependent carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.17.-) [1,2]. All these enzymes seem to be structurally and functionally related. The enzymes that belong to this family are listed below.

• Carboxypeptidase A1 (EC 3.4.17.1), a pancreatic digestive enzyme that can removes all C-terminal amino acids with the exception of Arg, Lys and Pro.
• Carboxypeptidase A2 (EC 3.4.17.15), a pancreatic digestive enzyme with a specificity similar to that of carboxypeptidase A1, but with a preference for bulkier C-terminal residues.
• Carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2), also a pancreatic digestive enzyme, but that preferentially removes C-terminal Arg and Lys.
• Carboxypeptidase N (EC 3.4.17.3) (also known as arginine carboxypeptidase), a plasma enzyme which protects the body from potent vasoactive and inflammatory peptides containing C-terminal Arg or Lys (such as kinins or anaphylatoxins) which are released into the circulation.
• Carboxypeptidase H (EC 3.4.17.10) (also known as enkephalin convertase or carboxypeptidase E), an enzyme located in secretory granules of pancreatic islets, adrenal gland, pituitary and brain. This enzyme removes residual C- terminal Arg or Lys remaining after initial endoprotease cleavage during prohormone processing.
• Carboxypeptidase M (EC 3.4.17.12), a membrane bound Arg and Lys specific enzyme. It is ideally situated to act on peptide hormones at local tissue sites where it could control their activity before or after interaction with specific plasma membrane receptors.
• Mast cell carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.1), an enzyme with a specificity to carboxypeptidase A, but found in the secretory granules of mast cells.
• Streptomyces griseus carboxypeptidase (Cpase SG) (EC 3.4.17.-) [3], which combines the specificities of mammalian carboxypeptidases A and B.
• Thermoactinomyces vulgaris carboxypeptidase T (EC 3.4.17.18) (CPT) [4], which also combines the specificities of carboxypeptidases A and B.
• AEBP1 [5], a transcriptional repressor active in preadipocytes. AEBP1 seems to regulate transcription by cleavage of other transcriptional proteins.
• Yeast hypothetical protein YHR132c.

All of these enzymes bind an atom of zinc. Three conserved residues are implicated in the binding of the zinc atom: two histidines and a glutamic acid We have derived two signature patterns which contain these three zinc-ligands.