PROSITE documentation PDOC00222Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature and profile
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [1,2] is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, including smooth muscle cells and glial cells. PDGF consists of two different but closely related chains (A and B chains) which assemble to form disulfide linked homo- or heterodimers (A-A, B-B, an A-B). Alternate splicing of the A chain transcript can give rise to two different forms that differ only in their C-terminal extremity. The transforming protein of simian sarcoma virus (SSV), encoded by the v-sis oncogene, is derived from the B chain of PDGF.
PDGF is structurally related to a number of other growth factors which also form disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers:
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) [3], a growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth. The genome of the orf poxvirus encodes an homolog of VEGF [4].
- Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B), also active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth [5].
- Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-C), also active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth [6].
- Placenta growth factor (PlGF) [7], which is also active in agiogenesis.
As a signature pattern for this family of growth factors, we selected a region that include four of the eight cysteines conserved in the sequences of these proteins. In PDGF, these cysteines are known to be involved in intra- and inter-chain disulfide bonds [8]. We also developed a profile that spans the eight conserved cysteines.
Last update:December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Hannink M. Donoghue D.J. |
| Title | Structure and function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and related proteins. | |
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| PubMed ID | 2546599 |
| 2 | Title | Heldin C.-H. Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth factor. |
| Source | EMBO J. 11:4251-4259(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1425569 |
| 3 | Authors | Ferrara N. Houck K.A. Jakeman L.B. Winer J. Leung D.W. |
| Title | The vascular endothelial growth factor family of polypeptides. | |
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| PubMed ID | 1791185 |
| 4 | Authors | Lyttle D.J. Fraser K.M. Fleming S.B. Mercer A.A. Robinson A.J. |
| Title | Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor are encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. | |
| Source | J. Virol. 68:84-92(1994). | |
| PubMed ID | 8254780 |
| 5 | Authors | Olofsson B. Pajusola K. Kaipainen A. von Euler G. Joukov V. Saksela O. Orpana A. Pettersson R.F. Alitalo K. Eriksson U. |
| Source | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:2567-2581(1996). |
| 6 | Authors | Joukov V. Pajusola K. Kaipainen A. Chilov D. Lahtinen I. Kukk E. Saksela O. Kalkkinen N. Alitalo K. |
| Title | A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases. | |
| Source | EMBO J. 15:290-298(1996). | |
| PubMed ID | 8617204 |
| 7 | Authors | Maglione D. Guerriero V. Viglietto G. Ferraro M.G. Aprelikova O. Alitalo K. Del Vecchio S. Lei K.J. Chou J.Y. Persico M.G. |
| Title | Two alternative mRNAs coding for the angiogenic factor, placenta growth factor (PlGF), are transcribed from a single gene of chromosome 14. | |
| Source | Oncogene 8:925-931(1993). | |
| PubMed ID | 7681160 |
| 8 | Authors | Oefner C. D'Arcy A. Winkler F.K. Eggimann B. Hosang M. |
| Title | Crystal structure of human platelet-derived growth factor BB. | |
| Source | EMBO J. 11:3921-3926(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1396586 |
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