PROSITE documentation PDOC00239Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signatures
The hormone somatotropin (growth hormone, GH) which plays an important role in growth control, choriomammotropin (lactogen), a placental analog of GH; and prolactin which acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation, have been shown [1] to be homologous. This family of proteins also includes other hormones listed below (references are only provided for recently determined sequences).
- Rodents placental lactogens I and II.
- Bovine and sheep lactogen.
- Mouse proliferin I, II, III and proliferin related protein [2].
- Bovine placental prolactin-related proteins I, II, and III [3].
- Rat placental prolactin-like proteins A and B.
- Human growth hormone variants 1 (GH-V1) and 2 (GH-V2).
- Somatolactin (SL) from various fish [4].
The schematic representation of the structure of proteins belonging to this family is shown below.
<----------------180-to-210-residues------------->
*** *****
xxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxCxxC
| | | |
+----------------------------+ +--+
'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond. '*': position of the patterns.
We developed two signature patterns for this family of proteins, both patterns include cysteines involved in conserved disulfide bonds.
Last update:April 2006 / Pattern revised.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Wallis M. |
| Title | Episodic evolution of protein hormones in mammals. | |
| Source | J. Mol. Evol. 53:10-18(2001). | |
| PubMed ID | 11683318 |
| 2 | Authors | Connor A.M. Waterhouse P. Khokha R. Denhardt D.T. |
| Title | Characterization of a mouse mitogen-regulated protein/proliferin gene and its promoter: a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene superfamily. | |
| Source | Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1009:75-82(1989). | |
| PubMed ID | 2790033 |
| 3 | Authors | Kessler M.A. Milosavljevic M. Zieler C.G. Schuler L.A. |
| Title | A subfamily of bovine prolactin-related transcripts distinct from placental lactogen in the fetal placenta. | |
| Source | Biochemistry 28:5154-5161(1989). | |
| PubMed ID | 2765528 |
| 4 | Authors | Rand-Weaver M. Noso T. Muramoto K. Kawauchi H. |
| Source | Biochemistry 30:1509-1515(1991). |
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