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We are deeply saddened by the passing of Amos Bairoch (1957–2025), the creator of PROSITE. We wish to dedicate our latest paper, published shortly before his death, to him. He will always be a source of inspiration to us.
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Amos Bairoch

PROSITE documentation PDOC00239
Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signatures


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PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/prosite/documentation/PDOC00239

Description

The hormone somatotropin (growth hormone, GH) which plays an important role in growth control, choriomammotropin (lactogen), a placental analog of GH; and prolactin which acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation, have been shown [1] to be homologous. This family of proteins also includes other hormones listed below (references are only provided for recently determined sequences).

  • Rodents placental lactogens I and II.
  • Bovine and sheep lactogen.
  • Mouse proliferin I, II, III and proliferin related protein [2].
  • Bovine placental prolactin-related proteins I, II, and III [3].
  • Rat placental prolactin-like proteins A and B.
  • Human growth hormone variants 1 (GH-V1) and 2 (GH-V2).
  • Somatolactin (SL) from various fish [4].

The schematic representation of the structure of proteins belonging to this family is shown below. 

        <----------------180-to-210-residues------------->
                     ***                          *****
        xxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxCxxC
                     |                            |   |  |
                     +----------------------------+   +--+

'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
'*': position of the patterns.

We developed two signature patterns for this family of proteins, both patterns include cysteines involved in conserved disulfide bonds.

Last update:

April 2006 / Pattern revised.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

SOMATOTROPIN_1, PS00266; Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signature 1  (PATTERN)

SOMATOTROPIN_2, PS00338; Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signature 2  (PATTERN)


References

1AuthorsWallis M.
TitleEpisodic evolution of protein hormones in mammals.
SourceJ. Mol. Evol. 53:10-18(2001).
PubMed ID11683318

2AuthorsConnor A.M. Waterhouse P. Khokha R. Denhardt D.T.
TitleCharacterization of a mouse mitogen-regulated protein/proliferin gene and its promoter: a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene superfamily.
SourceBiochim. Biophys. Acta 1009:75-82(1989).
PubMed ID2790033

3AuthorsKessler M.A. Milosavljevic M. Zieler C.G. Schuler L.A.
TitleA subfamily of bovine prolactin-related transcripts distinct from placental lactogen in the fetal placenta.
SourceBiochemistry 28:5154-5161(1989).
PubMed ID2765528

4AuthorsRand-Weaver M. Noso T. Muramoto K. Kawauchi H.
SourceBiochemistry 30:1509-1515(1991).



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