PROSITE documentation PDOC00073

Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductases class-I active site

Description

The pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductases are FAD flavoproteins which contains a pair of redox-active cysteines involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the FAD cofactor to the substrate. On the basis of sequence and structural similarities [1] these enzymes can be classified into two categories. The first category groups together the following enzymes [2,3,4,5,6]:

  • Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) (GR).
  • Higher eukaryotes thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.8.1.9).
  • Trypanothione reductase (EC 1.8.1.12).
  • Lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4), the E3 component of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes.
  • Mercuric reductase (EC 1.16.1.1).

The sequence around the two cysteines involved in the redox-active disulfide bond is conserved and can be used as a signature pattern.

Note:

In positions 6 and 7 of the pattern all known sequences have Asn-(Val/ Ile) with the exception of GR from plant chloroplasts and from cyanobacteria which have Ile-Arg [7].

Last update:

May 2004 / Text revised.

Technical section

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

PYRIDINE_REDOX_1, PS00076; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductases class-I active site  (PATTERN)
Consensus pattern: G-G-x-C-[LIVA]-x(2)-G-C-[LIVM]-P
The 2 C's form the active site disulfide bond
Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL
Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
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• Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00076
• view ligand binding statistics
Matching PDB structures: 1AOG 1BWC 1BZL 1DXL ... [ALL]

References

1 Authors Kurlyan J., Krishna T.S.R., Wong L., Guenther B., Pahler A., Williams C.H. Jr., Model P.
Source Nature 352:172-174(1991).
2 Authors Rice D.W., Schulz G.E., Guest J.R.
Title Structural relationship between glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase.
Source J. Mol. Biol. 174:483-496(1984).
PubMed ID 6546954
3 Authors Brown N.L.
Source Trends Biochem. Sci. 10:400-402(1985).
4 Authors Carothers D.J., Pons G., Patel M.S.
Title Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase: functional similarities and divergent evolution of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases.
Source Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 268:409-425(1989).
PubMed ID 2643922
5 Authors Walsh C.T., Bradley M., Nadeau K.
Title Molecular studies on trypanothione reductase, a target for antiparasitic drugs.
Source Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:305-309(1991).
PubMed ID 1957352
6 Authors Gasdaska P.Y., Gasdaska J.R., Cochran S., Powis G.
Title Cloning and sequencing of a human thioredoxin reductase.
Source FEBS Lett. 373:5-9(1995).
PubMed ID 7589432
7 Authors Creissen G., Edwards E.A., Enard C., Wellburn A., Mullineaux P.
Title Molecular characterization of glutathione reductase cDNAs from pea (Pisum sativum L.).
Source Plant J. 2:129-131(1992).
PubMed ID 1303792

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