We are deeply saddened by the passing of Amos Bairoch (1957–2025), the creator of PROSITE. We wish to dedicate our latest paper, published shortly before his death, to him. He will always be a source of inspiration to us.
Our deepest condolences go out to his family and friends, and to all those who had the privilege of working with him. Rest in peace, Amos. Your work will live on long after you are gone.
Our deepest condolences go out to his family and friends, and to all those who had the privilege of working with him. Rest in peace, Amos. Your work will live on long after you are gone.
PROSITE documentation PDOC00300GATA-type zinc finger domain signature and profile
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PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/prosite/documentation/PDOC00300
Description
The GATA family of transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA sites with the consensus sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G), found within the regulatory region of a number of genes. Proteins currently known to belong to this family are:
- GATA-1 [1] (also known as Eryf1, GF-1 or NF-E1), which binds to the GATA region of globin genes and other genes expressed in erythroid cells. It is a transcriptional activator which probably serves as a general 'switch' factor for erythroid development.
- GATA-2 [2], a transcriptional activator which regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells.
- GATA-3 [3], a transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor α and delta genes.
- GATA-4 [4], a transcriptional activator expressed in endodermally derived tissues and heart.
- Drosophila protein pannier (or DGATAa) (gene pnr) which acts as a repressor of the achaete-scute complex (as-c).
- Bombyx mori BCFI [5], which regulates the expression of chorion genes.
- Caenorhabditis elegans elt-1 and elt-2, transcriptional activators of genes containing the GATA region, including vitellogenin genes [6].
- Ustilago maydis urbs1 [7], a protein involved in the repression of the biosynthesis of siderophores.
- Fission yeast protein GAF2.
All these transcription factors contain a pair of highly similar 'zinc finger' type domains with the consensus sequence C-x2-C-x17-C-x2-C.
Some other proteins contain a single zinc finger motif highly related to those of the GATA transcription factors. These proteins are:
- Drosophila box A-binding factor (ABF) (also known as protein serpent (gene srp)) which may function as a transcriptional activator protein and may play a key role in the organogenesis of the fat body.
- Emericella nidulans areA [8], a transcriptional activator which mediates nitrogen metabolite repression.
- Neurospora crassa nit-2 [9], a transcriptional activator which turns on the expression of genes coding for enzymes required for the use of a variety of secondary nitrogen sources, during conditions of nitrogen limitation.
- Neurospora crassa white collar proteins 1 and 2 (WC-1 and WC-2), which control expression of light-regulated genes.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAL81 (or UGA43), a negative nitrogen regulatory protein.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae GLN3, a positive nitrogen regulatory protein.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAT1 to GAT4.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae GZF3.
April 2006 / Pattern revised.
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Technical section
PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
References
| 1 | Authors | Trainor C.D. Evans T. Felsenfeld G. Boguski M.S. |
| Title | Structure and evolution of a human erythroid transcription factor. | |
| Source | Nature 343:92-96(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2104960 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/343092a0 |
| 2 | Authors | Lee M.E. Temizer D.H. Clifford J.A. Quertermous T. |
| Title | Cloning of the GATA-binding protein that regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 266:16188-16192(1991). | |
| PubMed ID | 1714909 |
| 3 | Authors | Ho I.-C. Vorhees P. Marin N. Oakley B.K. Tsai S.-F. Orkin S.H. Leiden J.M. |
| Title | Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene. | |
| Source | EMBO J. 10:1187-1192(1991). | |
| PubMed ID | 1827068 |
| 4 | Authors | Spieth J. Shim Y.H. Lea K. Conrad R. Blumenthal T. |
| Title | elt-1, an embryonically expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene homologous to the GATA transcription factor family. | |
| Source | Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4651-4659(1991). | |
| PubMed ID | 1875944 |
| 5 | Authors | Drevet J.R. Skeiky Y.A. Iatrou K. |
| Title | GATA-type zinc finger motif-containing sequences and chorion gene transcription factors of the silkworm Bombyx mori. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 269:10660-10667(1994). | |
| PubMed ID | 8144656 |
| 6 | Authors | Hawkins M.G. McGhee J.D. |
| Title | elt-2, a second GATA factor from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 270:14666-14671(1995). | |
| PubMed ID | 7782329 |
| 7 | Authors | Voisard C.P.O. Wang J. McEvoy J.L. Xu P. Leong S.A. |
| Title | urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. | |
| Source | Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7091-7100(1993). | |
| PubMed ID | 8413298 |
| 8 | Authors | Arst H.N. Jr. Kudla B. Martinez-Rossi N. Caddick M.X. Sibley S. Davies R.W. |
| Title | Aspergillus and mouse share a new class of 'zinc finger' protein. | |
| Source | Trends Genet. 5:291-291(1989). | |
| PubMed ID | 2511649 |
| 9 | Authors | Fu Y.-H. Marzluf G.-A. |
| Title | nit-2, the major nitrogen regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa, encodes a protein with a putative zinc finger DNA-binding domain. | |
| Source | Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1056-1065(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2137552 |
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