PROSITE documentation PDOC50824DAPIN domain profile
The DAPIN (Domain in Apoptosis and INterferon response) domain is an 80-100-residue domain which is found in the N-terminus of diverse vertebrate and vertebrate-specific viral proteins involved in apoptosis, cancer, inflammation, and immune response. The DAPIN domain can be found alone or in association with other domains [1,2,3] like CARD (see <PDOC50209>, NACHT, HIN-200 (see <PDOC50834>), LRR, SPRY, Caspase (see <PDOC00864>) or Zinc finger B-box (see <PDOC50119>). It has been proposed that the DAPIN domain might have an adaptor function, coupling apoptosis and immune disorders [1,2,3]. It has been shown that the DAPIN domain is a protein-protein interaction domain capable of binding to other DAPIN domains [1].
Secondary structure predictions have identified the DAPIN domain as mostly α-helical and it has been suggested that it could belong to the DEATH-domain-fold superfamily, which includes the CARD, the DEATH domain (DD) (see <PDOC50017>) and the DEATH effector domain (DED) (see <PDOC50168>) [1,2,3].
The DAPIN domain has also been called pyrin domain, pyrin N-terminal homology domain (PYD) or PAAD (after the protein families pyrin, AIM, ASC death-domain-like) [2,3].
Proteins known to contain a DAPIN domain are listed below:
- Mammalian pyrin. Mutations in the human pyrin MEFV gene are the cause of familial Mediterranean fever. Pyrin localizes to the perinuclear cytoplasm and interacts with a putative Golgi transport protein.
- Mammalian ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) or Pycard (PYD and CARD containing protein). It forms aggregates when apoptosis is induced by certain anti-tumor drugs.
- Human NALP1 and NALP2 (NACHT-, LRR- and PYD-containing proteins).
- Zebrafish caspases CASPY and CASPY2.
- Mammalian HIN-200 family of hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear proteins. This family includes AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), MNDA (myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen) and IFI16.
- Rabbit myxoma virus M013L protein.
- Rabbit fibroma virus GP013L protein.
We developed a profile that covers the whole domain.
Last update:December 2001 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Staub E. Dahl E. Rosenthal A. |
| Title | The DAPIN family: a novel domain links apoptotic and interferon response proteins. | |
| Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:83-85(2001). | |
| PubMed ID | 11166557 |
| 2 | Authors | Pawlowski K. Pio F. Chu Z.-L. Reed J.C. Godzik A. |
| Title | PAAD - a new protein domain associated with apoptosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases. | |
| Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:85-87(2001). | |
| PubMed ID | 11166558 |
| 3 | Authors | Martinon F. Hofmann K. Tschopp J. |
| Title | The pyrin domain: a possible member of the death domain-fold family implicated in apoptosis and inflammation. | |
| Source | Curr. Biol. 11:R118-R120(2001). | |
| PubMed ID | 11250163 |
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