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| PROSITE documentation PDOC00089 |
C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases signatures
Description:
C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases (EC 2.1.1.37) (C5 Mtase) are enzymes that
specifically methylate the C-5 carbon of cytosines in DNA [1,2,3]. Such
enzymes are found in the proteins described below.
- As a component of type II restriction-modification systems in prokaryotes
and some bacteriophages. Such enzymes recognize a specific DNA sequence
where they methylate a cytosine. In doing so, they protect DNA from
cleavage by type II restriction enzymes that recognize the same sequence.
The sequences of a large number of type II C-5 Mtases are known.
- In vertebrates, there are a number of C-5 Mtases that methylate CpG
dinucleotides. The sequence of the mammalian enzyme is known.
C-5 Mtases share a number of short conserved regions. We selected two of them.
The first is centered around a conserved Pro-Cys dipeptide in which the
cysteine has been shown [4] to be involved in the catalytic mechanism; it
appears to form a covalent intermediate with the C6 position of cytosine. The
second region is located at the C-terminal extremity in type-II enzymes.
Note:
In the first position of the second pattern, most known Mtases have Arg
or Lys.
Expert(s) to contact by email:
Roberts R.J.
Bickle T.
Mugasimangalam R.
Last update:
December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.
Technical section:
PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| C5_MTASE_1, PS00094; C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases active site (PATTERN) |
| Consensus pattern: |
[DENKS]-x-[FLIV]-x(2)-[GSTC]-x-P-C-x-{V}-[FYWLIM]-S
C is the active site residue |
| Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: |
ALL, except for M.MthtI |
| Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: |
3. |
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|
| Matching PDB structures:
10MH 1DCT 1FJX 1HMY ... [ALL] |
| C5_MTASE_2, PS00095; C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases C-terminal signature (PATTERN) |
| Consensus pattern: |
[RKQGTF]-x(2)-G-N-[SA]-[LIVF]-x-[VIP]-x-[LVMT]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(3)-[LIVM]
|
| Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: |
ALL, except for M.AluI, M.HgaI 1 and 2, and M.HpaII |
| Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: |
2. |
|
|
|
| Matching PDB structures:
10MH 1DCT 1FJX 1G55 ... [ALL] |
References:
| 1 |
Authors | Posfai J., Bhagwat A.S., Roberts R.J. |
| Title | Sequence motifs specific for cytosine methyltransferases. |
| Source | Gene 74:261-265(1988). |
| PubMed ID | 3248729 |
| 2 |
Authors | Kumar S., Cheng X., Klimasauskas S., Mi S., Posfai J., Roberts R.J., Wilson G.G. |
| Title | The DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases. |
| Source | Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1-10(1994). |
| PubMed ID | 8127644 |
| 3 |
Authors | Lauster R., Trautner T.A., Noyer-Weidner M. |
| Title | Cytosine-specific type II DNA methyltransferases. A conserved enzyme core with variable target-recognizing domains. |
| Source | J. Mol. Biol. 206:305-312(1989). |
| PubMed ID | 2716049 |
| 4 |
Authors | Chen L., MacMillan A.M., Chang W., Ezaz-Nikpay K., Lane W.S., Verdine G.L. |
| Title | Direct identification of the active-site nucleophile in a DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase. |
| Source | Biochemistry 30:11018-11025(1991). |
| PubMed ID | 1932026 |
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